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Then then were those groups like the Chiricahua Apache who would kill gays, regarding being gay as a sign of a witch, according to Opler’s An Apache life-way: the economic, social, and religious institutions of the Chiricahua Indians ().

W ritten in partnership with American Indian College Fund. Many Native American tribes have terms and traditions within their cultures that recognize a diverse range of sexual orientations and gender identities. Geo Neptune is a Passamaquoddy two-spirit activist, educator, drag artist and master basket weaver.

For many tribes, people were historically defined more by their roles in relation to their partner and their tribe, and viewing people as simply male or female was an idea first introduced by colonists.

To learn more, please read our Privacy Policy. What About Two-Spirit? Love conquers hate. He worked closely with the group Gay American Indians (GAI) on issues around the meaning of the term "berdache" and served as coordinating editor for the GAI's collection of nonfiction essays and short stories, Living the Spirit: A Gay American Indian Anthology.

It is important to note that two-spirit is an identity exclusive to Native Americans in recognition of Native culture and history, and the important process of reclamation after colonialism. Two-spirit roles, in particular, were singled out for condemnation, interference, and many times violence.

According to the Indian Health Servicemany were expert craftspeople, serving as potters, basket weavers, and leatherworkers. Sean Snyder, who is a member of the Navajo Nation and a descendent of the Southern Ute tribe, and Adrian Stevens, who is from the Northern Ute, Shoshone-Bannock, and San Carlos Apache tribes, are a two-spirit dancing couple who have participated in powwows across the U.

By clicking "GO" below, you will be directed to a website operated by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation, an independent c 3 entity. As a result, two-spirit traditions and practices went underground or disappeared in many tribes.

Homosexuality in Native American : The tragic history of colonialism threatened to wipe out many of these traditions, but in recent decades, LGBTQ+ Native Americans have reclaimed their important cultural and spiritual roles

The term has a wide variety of meanings, and many two-spirit people have personal definitions that they feel best fit their identities and experiences. Inthey were elected to the Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation school board and became the first openly transgender elected official in Maine.

She is a member of the Ho-Chunk Nation and is a lawyer and former mixed martial artist. For many Native cultures, those with gender roles besides simply male or female held a valuable place in their tribe. Topics: Allies Communities of Color Research.

Two-spirit people may use the term to describe their gender identity, their sexual orientation, or both, and may also use it to highlight their connection with cultural and spiritual traditions. Donate Today. She also worked in community and economic development on Native American reservations and was a White House Fellow for the Department of Transportation.

They explained the meaning of two -spirit in a video for Them. The disruptions caused by conquest and disease, together with the efforts of missionaries, government agents, boarding schools, and white settlers resulted in the loss of many traditions in Native communities.

Photo Credit: Sipsis Peciptaq Elamoqessik. Credit: Office of Sharice Davids. Credit: Out Magazine. Accept More Information. Shop Now. Homosexuality and gender diversity have deep roots in Native American cultures, exemplified by the revered roles of Two-Spirit individuals.